Closed for Victoria Day – Monday, May 20, 2024

What’s That Number? A Thirty-Minute Dive into Deciphering a Traditional Chinese Numeral System

Many thanks to guest blogger Lily Liu for contributing the below post! Lily is a graduate student at the UBC School of Information and recently completed a Professional Experience with Rare Books and Special Collections Library.


During my time working with the Lock Tin Lee fonds at the RBSC, I came upon a certificate that used a number I had never seen.

Image 1: close-up of a number I did not recognize

From my RBSC peers, I learned that this number belonged to a system called Suzhou numerals (苏州码子; 蘇州碼子). As per their namesake, these numerals originated from the Suzhou region in China and were a traditional numeral system used by the Chinese before the introduction of Indo-Arabic numerals. Due to its ease of use, the Suzhou numeral system was popular amongst merchants, bookkeepers, and other calculation-centric occupations. It is the only surviving variant of the rod numeral system still in use today and can be found in the markets, old-style tea restaurants, and traditional Chinese medicine shops in Hong Kong and Macau.

But what was the number on the certificate specifically? It did not correspond immediately to any numbers on the comparison chart for Suzhou numerals.

Image 2: comparison chart for Suzhou numerals

Deciphering the number became a collaborative effort between my curious roommate, myself, and the comparison chart. Our thought process proceeded as follows:

Option 1: 42?

〤 and 〢 are accounted for, but there are two additional horizontal strokes to the right that do not correspond to any number immediately on the chart, and the strokes look too intentional to be a mistake.

Option 2: 417?

Perhaps the writer just really elongated the short vertical stroke on top of the Suzhou numeral “7” (〧), and just really missed the stroke’s centre positioning and shifted it to the left? Yes…we were pushing it.

Image 3: a visual explanation supplied by my roommate

Option 3: 422!

My roommate spotted the smaller text that noted exceptions to the standard comparison chart.

Image 4: Wikipedia excerpt explaining exceptions to the numbers’ forms

Essentially, because numbers 1, 2, and 3 all use vertical strokes in the Suzhou numeral system, adjustments to these numbers’ standard forms are made whenever they appear consecutively to avoid confusion. In our case, when two “twos” appear consecutively, their form changes to “〢二”: the certificate’s number is 422.

Between reading up on the system and our back and forth quibbles we took a total of thirty minutes to arrive at the answer—but what a satisfying conclusion it was!

Please note: The overview above is paraphrased from Wikipedia pages on Suzhou numerals, which are below. A link about counting rods (算筹; 算籌), the ancient form of mathematical calculation in East Asia, is also below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_numerals

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting_rods

Exploring Japanese Travel Narratives in Tokugawa Era

This week’s blog post explores the fascinating world of Japanese travel during the Tokugawa period (1603 – 1868), both within Japan and beyond its borders. All materials shown in this blog post are from our Japanese Maps of the Tokugawa Era Collection which is available through Open Collection.

1. Seiyū ryotan (西遊旅譚) [A Diary of Travel from Edo to Nagasaki] – 1794

One notable work featured in this collection is the Seiyū ryotan, which was created by Shiba Kōkan (司馬 江漢, 1738?-1818), a prominent figure in Japanese art history. Shiba, a celebrated painter and printmaker during the Tokugawa period, was renowned for his Western-style Yōga (洋画) paintings, which drew inspiration from Dutch oil painting techniques and themes. Seiyū ryotan is a compilation of travel narratives accompanied by sketches of landscapes and people. Look at how Shiba captures people dancing in a circle and the beauty of Mount Fuji!

Illustrations of people dancing and singing in Seishū (勢州), which is another name for Ise Province (伊勢国)

Illustration of Mount Fuji

Illustrations of Osaka

2. Amerika shinwa (亜墨新話) [New Stories about America] – 1844

Another intriguing manuscript within this Collection is the Amerika shinwa, which offers a unique perspective into Japan’s encounter with the American continent during the mid-19th century. It is essentially a work of Hyōryūki, which is the Japanese term for narratives about being cast away as a result of a shipwreck. Amerika shinwa was compiled under the order of the Daimyo of Awa province. It narrates the tale of Hatsutarō’s voyage, which began in Japan in October 1841. It details his shipwreck in February 1842, subsequent rescue by a Spanish ship, arrival in Lower California and Mexico, and eventual journey back to Canton (Guangzhou or China).

Illustration of Macau, Guangdong

Illustration of a wedding ceremony

 

3. Kaigai shinwa (海外新話) [Story from Overseas] – 1849

Kaigai shinwa is a 5-volume text that demonstrates Japan’s understanding of western power and dominance, along with their insight into the first Opium War in China (1839-1842).

Illustration of an English Commander

 

The Sakoku “closed country” (鎖国) policy at the time effectively barred Japanese observers from being in China to witness the Opium War firsthand. Consequently, it greatly affected how Japanese learnt about the War and their understanding was significantly shaped by this isolation. For Kaigai shinwa, rather than a straightforward historical retelling, it is a narrative that blends historical events with elements added for storytelling impact to attract a broader audience. Some of these additions were likely introduced by the author, Mineta, Fūkō (1817-83) in order to enrich the narrative, while others may have been borrowed from other sources. In other words, Kaigai shinwa presents a mix of factual information alongside instances of misinformation and fabrication.

The book opens with a poem urging Japanese to view the Chinese defeat in the Opium War against Great Britain as a warning of potential future events in Japan.

Illustrations of English naval ships

While Kaigai Shinwa gained popularity among intellectuals at the time, it faced strong opposition from Shogunate officials. In fact, Kaigai shinwa was eventually banned by the Shogunate. Its author, Mineta, was subsequently imprisoned on charges of publishing the work without obtaining official consent and inspection.

 

We hope you enjoy this little dive into the rich and diverse narratives found within the Japanese Maps of the Tokugawa Era Collection. Each manuscript offers a unique glimpse into Japan’s historical encounters and perspectives on the broader world during the Tokugawa period.

Thank you for reading!

 

Works cited:

Escalona Echániz, J. M. (2022). An analysis of Amerika shinwa : manuscript circulation and epistemological background in early modern Japan. University of British Columbia. https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0418460.

Google Arts and Culture. (n.d.). Shiba Kōkan. https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/shiba-k%C5%8Dkan/m02747qd?hl=en.

Dower, J. W. (2010). The opium war in Japanese eyes : an illustrated 1849 “Story from Overseas” Essay by John W. Dower. MIT Visualizing Cultures. https://visualizingcultures.mit.edu/opium_wars_japan/kaigai_shinwa.pdf.

Wataru, M. (2000). Japan and China: Mutual Representations in the Modern Era (J.A. Fogel, Ed.; J.A. Fogel, Trans.; 1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315027685.

Chung | Lind Gallery now open!

UBC Library is excited to announce the official opening of the Chung | Lind Gallery showcasing the Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection and Phil Lind Klondike Gold Rush Collection. The new exhibition space in the Irving K. Barber Learning Centre on UBC’s Vancouver campus brings together two library collections of rare and culturally significant materials from Canada’s history.

Read more about the Chung | Lind Gallery:

 

We know that our patrons have missed being able to visit the Chung Collection Room as we have worked to prepare the new gallery. Thank you so much for your patience! We look forward to welcoming you to the new space and also introducing you to the Phil Lind Klondike Gold Rush Collection for the first time.

The Chung | Lind Gallery, on level 2 of the Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, is open Tuesday-Saturday, 10 am-5 pm. The gallery is free and open to the public, and people of all ages are encouraged to attend. Small group tours and class visits are available by appointment. For more information, please contact (604) 822-3053 or rare.books@ubc.ca.

Patterns as Poetic Practice: A Global Conversation Through Textil Cartographies

Please come by the Asian Centre foyer to view “Patterns as Poetic Practice: A Global Conversation Through Textile Cartographies.” The exhibition will run from May 7 to July 3, 2024. This collaboration between the Art Education Program, The Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy and the Asian Library offers an enriching experience that transcends cultural boundaries and celebrates the artistic beauty of textile traditions from various corners of the globe.

“Patterns as Poetic Practice” is more than just an exhibition; it represents a transnational, transdisciplinary journey that brings us together with international partners. It weaves together narratives of cultural heritage, creativity, and individual and communal experiences. Featuring over 200 textile artworks from countries such as Australia, Brazil, China, Egypt, Iran, India, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and the United States, this exhibition serves as a testament to the power of patterns in conveying stories that transcend borders and continents.

Please join us in exploring the rich tapestry of meanings woven into each textile artwork, fostering a deeper appreciation for the poetic potential of patterns in shaping our collective understanding of the world.

Curatorial team:
Elly Yazdanpanah
Elmira Sarreshtehdari

Supporting team:
Lei Chen
Mengkai Zhang’s (Eddie)

This exhibition is a part of the broader arts-based participatory international research initiative known as Textile Cartographies, guided by Canada’s coordinators Anita Sinner and Elly Yazdanpanah.

The project draws upon research supported by the Government of Canada’s New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRF) [Anita Sinner, PI, NFRF-2022-00245, Worlding Higher Education Differently: Co-creating a Technology-Art-Science Commons].

Cette exposition est soutenue par le fonds Nouvelles frontières en recherche du gouvernement du Canada [Anita Sinner, chercheuse principale, NFRF-2022-00245, Worlding Higher Education Differently: Co-creating a Technology-Art-Science Commons].

New Books at the Law Library – 24/05/07

LAW LIBRARY reference room (level 2): KE4270 .B87 2023
Donald F. Bur, Law of the Constitution: The Distribution of Powers, 2nd ed. (Toronto: LexisNexis, 2023).

LAW LIBRARY level 3: KTX3344 .I23 2020
Paulin Ibanda Kabaka, Mémento du droit minier de la RD Congo: de la législation coloniale au code minier révisé de mars 2018 (Saint-Denis: Édilivre, 2020).

EDI in Asia display

We invite all our users to come and view our Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) in Asia display, located on the upper floor of the Asian Library.

The display underscores how EDI challenges and developments are not universal. Asia is home to a vast plethora of countries and therefore diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, languages, and more. Asia faces different challenges and enacts different approaches, not only compared to Canada but within the region itself. Gender (in)equality and LGBTQIA+ rights are quite prominent in the Asian EDI discourse, but themes such as disability, age, immigration, and religion are just as present.

The display highlights just a selection of the EDI-related resources in the Asian Library’s collection that touch on these topics, including titles from our Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu collections. Our librarians and team can assist you in finding more according to your needs. The display was made possible through the efforts of our student librarians Fin Bartels, Nobu Kawaguchi, Iori Khuhro and Grace Park with the support of the entire Asian Library team.

EDI is an acronym that stands for equity, diversity, and inclusion. Equity is the recognition that not everyone is starting from the same place or history [1] and opportunities that “obtain justice, fairness, and equality without impartiality or barriers,” [2] must be created. The term diversity describes the differences in people’s lived experience and perspectives [3] and how these differences will shape experiences and actions. “Diversity includes race, sexuality, gender, physical disability, mental abilities and disabilities, economic reality, class in society, etc.” [4] Lastly, inclusion is the “active, intentional, and continuous process to address inequities in power and privilege and build a respectful and diverse community that ensures welcoming spaces and opportunities to flourish for all.” [5] In general, EDI in practice aims to eliminate barriers that people from different social, cultural, religious, or ethnic backgrounds face in their lives.

We urge our patrons to note that racist, sexist, ableist, homophobic, and otherwise offensive or discriminatory images and language are present in the collection. Inclusion of these materials in the Asian Library holdings is not an endorsement of their contents. UBC Library rejects these offensive, discriminatory, and harmful viewpoints, while also understanding the importance of fostering access to our collections in a responsible and transparent way that preserves historical evidence of social conditions and attitudes.[6]

The exhibit will be on from now until August 31, 2024.


[1] https://redi.med.ubc.ca/policies-resources/key-concepts-and-terms/

[2] Bussmann, Jeffra, Isabel Altamirano, Samuel Hansen, Nastasha Johnson, and Gr Keer. “Science Librarianship and Social Justice: Part One Foundational Concepts.” Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship no. 94 (2020).

[3] https://redi.med.ubc.ca/policies-resources/key-concepts-and-terms/

[4] Bussmann, Jeffra, Isabel Altamirano, Samuel Hansen, Nastasha Johnson, and Gr Keer. “Science Librarianship and Social Justice: Part One Foundational Concepts.” Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship no. 94 (2020).

[5] https://redi.med.ubc.ca/policies-resources/key-concepts-and-terms/

[6] Adapted from the RBSC Harmful Content Warning Policy. https://rbsc.library.ubc.ca/harmful-content-warning/.

Lost access to Canada Commons and Policy Commons

Users are seeing a “Sorry, something went wrong trying to log you in.” error when trying to access Canada Commons or Policy Commons.

We are working to resolve the issue.

As a workaround please access via the Resource Pages – https://resources.library.ubc.ca/?searchtype=keywords&search=Commons

New Books at Education Library: May 2024

Exciting new books have just landed at the library!

Click on the cover and title for more information:

LB1139.5.R43 L56 2022 Reading above the fray: reliable, research-based routines for developing decoding skills / Julia B. Lindsey; foreword by Nell K. Duke.

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PZ7.1.O55 Ev 2023 Everyone’s thinking it / Aleema Omotoni.

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PZ7.1.H4314 We 2023 We’ll never tell / Wendy Heard.

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PZ7.1.O4425 Fu 2022 Funeral girl / Emma K. Ohland.

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PZ7.1.F75478 Re 2023 The reunion / a novel by Kit Frick.

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New Books at the Asian Library (April 2024)

DS753 W893 2023
制度与知识 : 明代官员通晓律意研究 / 吴艳红著 / 北京 : 商务印书馆

DS799.42 W3574 2023
轉化、交織與再創造 : 泰雅族、太魯閣族、賽德克族社會文化變遷 / 王梅霞著 / 臺北市 : 國立臺灣大學出版中心

DS919 H35125 2023
最寒冷的冬天 : 韓戰啟示錄 / 大衛·哈伯斯坦 ; 王祖寧 / 新北市 : 八旗文化

HD8748.5 J536 2023
移工築起的地下社會 : 跨國勞動在臺灣 / 簡永達著 / 臺北市 : 春山出版有限公司

HM741 W37125 2023
興衰 : 菁英網絡演變與帝制中國 / 王裕華著 ; 林資香譯 / 臺北市 : 日出出版

PL2698 C793 Z9365 2023
屈大均与明末清初岭南诗派 / 王富鹏著 / 北京 : 中華書局

PN1992.77 D496 2021
第一次遇見花香的那刻 / 製作, 很久影業有限公司;導演、編劇鄧依涵 / 台北 : 杰德創意影音, 台北 : 采昌國際多媒體

PN1997.2 H414 2022
闔家辣 / 金銀島製作有限公司 [and 3 others] 出品; WFH Production Limited; 吳君如監製 ; 鄭晉軒編劇/導演; 鄒凱光編劇 / 香港 : 鐳射企業有限公司

PN1997.2 P78 2023
瀑布 / 本地風光製作; 本地風光 [and five others] 聯合出品 ; 導演 鍾孟宏; 編劇, 鍾孟宏, 張耀升 ; 監製, 曾少千, 瞿友寧, 董成瑜 / 臺北市 : 飛行國際視聽有限公司

Z8 C5 Y827 2022
明代书籍生产与文化生活 / 俞士玲著 / 南京市 : 南京大学出版社

BR1306 K478 2023
近世日本のキリシタンと異文化交流 / 大橋幸泰編 / 東京 : 勉誠出版

DS857 K298 2023
海外の日本中世史研究 : 「日本史」・自国史・外国史の交差 / 黄霄龍, 堀川康史編 / 東京 : 勉誠社

DS894.69 K8565 T35 2023
中世水軍領主論 : 紀州熊野からのアプローチ / 高橋修著 / 東京都千代田区 : 高志書院

HQ981 H54 2023
東アジアの後宮 / 編集伴瀬明美, 稲田奈津子, 榊佳子, 保科季子 / 東京 : 勉誠出版

NX584 A1 K36 2023
渾沌と革新の明治文化 : 文学・美術における新旧対立と連続性 / 井上泰至編 / 東京 : 勉誠出版

P306.8 A78 K56 2023
近代アジアの文学と翻訳 : 西洋受容・植民地・日本 / 波潟剛, 西槇偉, 林信蔵, 藤原まみ編 / 東京 : 勉誠出版

JV8721 T47 2023
日本人が移民だったころ / 寺尾紗穂 / 東京 : 河出書房新社

PL867.5 S559 Y67 2023
夜の道標 / 芦沢央 / 東京 : 中央公論新社

PL871.5 C5497 H3 2023
ハンチバック / 市川沙央 / 東京 : 文藝春秋

PL880.4 H533 A213 2023
60% / 柴田祐紀著 / 東京 : 光文社

PN1995.9 S45 T47 2019
新編・ロマンポルノの時代 / 寺脇研 / 東京都文京区 : 光文社

AZ791 H798164 2023
명유 학안 역주 / 황 종희 저 ; 윤 상수 [and others] 역주 / 서울 : 세창 출판사, 2023

BQ968.I475 C46 2023
설잠 김 시습 의 선 사상 연구 : 성기론 과 성구론 을 중심 으로 / 철우 저 / 서울시 : 운주사

CT275 S4 K56 2023
루이스 헨리 세브란스 : 그 의 생애 와 시대 / 김 학은 지음 / 경기도 파주시 : 보고사

DS749.6 X845 2023
구오대사. 예지 ; 악지 / 연세 대학교 중국 연구원 당송 예악지 연구회 편 ; 연구 책임, 김 현철 ; 역주자, 문 정희, 이 유진, 하 경심 / 경기도 고양시 : 學古房

DS912.25 C484 2023
고려 시대 다원적 사상 지형 과 역사 인식 / 최 봉준 지음 / 서울시 : 소명 출판

GV1703 K6 I434 2021
[Han]양 교방 춤 과 북 놀이 : 임 춘섭 사진집/임 춘섭 / 서울 특별시 : 한양 춤길

HQ1765.6 K36 2023
북한 녀자 로 살기 : 여성 과 북한 민주화 씨앗 / 감 희 지음 / 경기도 파주시 : 한울

JQ1725 A55 C5473 2024
조선 500년 대민 커뮤니케이션 윤음 연구 / 박 종민, 남 태우, 김 상연 공저 / 서울 특별시 : 학지사 비즈

PL923 C4664 2023
한국어 구문 네트워크 의 발생 : 언어 습득 말뭉치 제작 과 분석 의 인지 언어학적 접근 / 정 병철 지음 / 서울시 : 한국 문화사

PL957.5 C47 N36 2023
현대 문학 과 기독교 세계관 : 생 의 구경적 양식 으로서의 문학 과 종교 / 남 금희 지음 / 경기도 파주시 : 한국 학술 정보

PL961.8 Y534 2023
환상 과 토포필리아 / 이 재훈 / 서울시 : 역락

PL992.62 K9 T63388 2023
스피노자 철학 개념, 코나투스 : 능동적 공동체 로 “토지” 읽기 / 이 덕화 / 서울시 : 역락

PL994.38 H94 P36 2023
반 은 미치고 반 은 행복 했으면 : 강 혜정 에세이 / 경기도 파주시 : 달 출판사

PN6790 K64 K53 2023
깜장 고양이 짜루 : 겁 많고 소심 한 길냥이 짜루 의 묘생 역전 사계절 / 고돌댁 글, 그림 / 서울 특별시 : 위즈덤 하우스

PK2098.26 U4826 M39 2023
मज़ाक़ / कुमार अम्बुज / दिल्ली : राजपाल

PK2098.29 U28 I83 2023
इस हमाम में / चित्रा मुद्गल / दिल्ली : रेमाधव पब्लिकेशन्स

PK2099.29 I825 Z46 2023
तुम्हारी औकात क्या है पीयूष मिश्रा / पीयूष मिश्रा / नई दिल्ली : राजकमल पेपरबैक्स

PK2099.36 R5473 D43 2023
देबकू एक प्रेम कथा : (उपन्यास) / मुरारी शर्मा / गाज़ियाबाद, उ. प्र. : अंतिका प्रकाशन प्रा. लि.

PN1997.2 S2353 2017
Saमीr / Nomad Movies Pvt. Ltd. presents; directed by Dakxin Chhara ; produced by Bankim Tamaichi, Viren Chamande, Manish Patel, Daxxinkumar Bajrange / Mumbai : Reliance Big Entertainment